Swiss research institutions are collaborating to challenge the "black box" nature of large language models. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), **ETH Zurich** and the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS)** recently released a large-scale open-source language model called Apertus. The model not only reflects its core philosophy in its name, which means "open" in Latin, but also embodies openness in practice to the utmost extent.

Different from mainstream American models such as OpenAI's GPT series, Meta's Llama, and Anthropic's Claude, Apertus stands out for its unprecedented transparency. It openly shares all key information, including model weights, architecture, training code, data recipes, and complete training process documentation, without any reservations. This fully transparent release aims to promote global collaboration and innovation, allowing researchers and developers to deeply understand how the model works and improve and optimize it based on that understanding.
The release of Apertus marks an important step forward for Switzerland in promoting the openness and reproducibility of artificial intelligence research, setting a new benchmark for the industry.
